Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

doi: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543513

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of Galr2a (green) and Tpm3b (magenta) expression revealed by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DAPI nuclear staining (gray) in the: a . molluscivore, C. brontotheroides ; b . generalist, C. variegatus ; and c . scale-eater, C. desquamator . d . Galr2a reads per kilobase of transcript per million reads (RPKM) from an existing mRNAseq study sampling the entire head of each species at four developmental stages (Lencer and McCune, 2020). Galr2a showed significantly higher expression in the molluscivore relative to generalists (P = 0.003, Tukey’s HSD test) and scale-eaters (P = 0.014, Tukey’s HSD test) at 2 post fertilization (dpf). e . Mean fluorescence per area for galr2a quantified at 2 dpf in all three species shows similarly elevated levels of expression in the molluscivore for the mandibular and pharyngeal arches. Images shown are representative Z-stack maximum projection images of 30 optical sections taken every 3 μm from whole-mounted embryos imaged using a Zeiss LSM880 laser confocal microscope. PA: pharyngeal arches, PE: pharyngeal endoderm, ManM: mandibular mesenchyme, MLF: medial longitudinal fasciculus, PTe: posterior tectum, Di: diencephalon; Mb: midbrain, Hb: hindbrain, Y: yolk, Myo: somitic myofibers, IO: inferior oblique muscle.

Article Snippet: Samples were then mounted in a custom-made bridged microscope slide (Fisher Scientific) in 75% glycerol/25% PBST.

Techniques: Expressing, Hybridization, Staining, Sampling, Fluorescence, Microscopy

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

doi: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543513

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative images of Galr2a (green) and Tpm3b (magenta) expression revealed by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DAPI nuclear staining (gray). a . Lateral view of an 8 dpf molluscivore (M in white circle), a’ . ventral view. b . Lateral view of an 8 dpf generalist (G in white circle), b’ . ventral view. c . Lateral view of an 8 dpf scale-eater (S in white circle), c’ . ventral view. The arrowhead in b . and the arrow in c . point to high expression of galr2a in the maxilla and premaxilla of the molluscivore and scale-eater specialists, respectively. White arrowheads in a’ . point to high expression of galr2a in the palatoquadrate of the molluscivore. Galr2a expression in the IMA was found only in the scale-eaters ( c’ ). Images shown here are representative Z-stack maximum projection images of 30 optical sections taken every 15 μm from whole-mounted larvae imaged using a Zeiss LSM880 laser confocal microscope. d-d’ . 3D-Slicer view of the expression volume of galr2a ( d .) and tpm3b ( d’ .) in an 8 dpf molluscivore pupfish larvae ( C. brontotheroides ). e . Volume of galr2a expression in the brain (left panel), whole head (middle panel), and jaw (right panel) across SSI pupfishes. CNS: central nervous system, Max: maxilla. LEVs: levator arcus palatini and operculi, AdM: adductor mandibular. IMA: intermandibular anterior. Total volume rendered: 450 μm. All scale bars: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Samples were then mounted in a custom-made bridged microscope slide (Fisher Scientific) in 75% glycerol/25% PBST.

Techniques: Expressing, Hybridization, Staining, Microscopy